Focus Area: Research

Poorly managed postpartum pain heightens the risk of depression and undiagnosed life-threatening health conditions. This project will investigate inequities in postpartum care, with the goal to inform future interventions and improve postpartum care and pain management. The project team will combine clinician survey and interview data with electronic medical records from postpartum patients. Findings will inform future interventions to reduce inequities in postpartum care and pain management. Collaborators: Nao Hagiwara, PhD, professor and director of the Program on Health Disparities and Community Engagement Research, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia; Laura Swan, PhD, LCSW, senior research scientist, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UW–Madison; Klaira Lerma, MPH, associate director, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UW–Madison

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Wisconsin. Paclitaxel is a standard treatment for several types of cancer, including breast cancer, but nearly half of patients do not respond to it. This project aims to improve outcomes for cancer patients by developing a new combination therapy that can make resistant tumors more responsive to paclitaxel without harming healthy non-cancerous cells. This work could lead to the identification of new therapies for other types of cancers as well.

Obesity and related diseases like Type 2 diabetes, liver disease and heart disease have become major health concerns in Wisconsin. Bariatric surgery, especially sleeve gastrectomy (SG), is the most effective long-term treatment, often resulting in significant weight loss. However, many patients eventually hit a weight-loss plateau. Using mouse and pig models that mimic SG, this study aims to better understand how protein intake influences recovery and long-term outcomes after surgery, with the potential to develop new diet-based therapies for people with obesity and related diseases.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread, long-lasting synthetic chemicals found in the blood of over 99% of people in the U.S., including Wisconsin residents. PFAS exposure has been linked to multiple conditions like thyroid disease, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular death and cancer. While animal studies show PFAS can harm the kidneys, its impact on chronic kidney disease (CKD), a growing public health crisis affecting 1 in 7 U.S. adults, remains unclear. This study aims to better understand how PFAS exposure contributes to CKD in adults living in Wisconsin and across the country to better inform therapeutic options.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease that affects joints and increases the risk of fibrotic lung disease, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In Wisconsin, it affects about 90,000 individuals and is a leading cause of disability. This study aims to discover new genetic risk factors for RA by using advanced statistical methods to analyze large-scale genetic data from biobank databases. These innovative approaches could uncover previously unknown genetic variants that contribute to RA, paving the way for better diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

More than 25,000 kidney transplants are performed annually in the United States. However, 92,000 individuals remain on the kidney transplant waitlist. Repeat transplants often have worse health outcomes, so preventing graft failure after the first transplant is crucial. Acute rejection (AR) is a major cause of failure, but there is still a lack of understanding of its causes and reliable, noninvasive ways to detect it. This study aims to better understand the pathophysiology of AR and identify noninvasive biomarkers. Modification of donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) presents a promising target for early diagnosis and supports the development of more effective therapies.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus that can cause various health issues including certain cancers. Even with an established HPV vaccine, vaccination rates remain below the national average, putting people at risk for infections and related cancers. Particularly in the Midwest, disparities in race, ethnicity, rural or urban location and Medicaid status contribute to high rates of vulvar cancer nationally. This research aims to identify biomarkers of prognosis and treatment response for vulvar cancer, including the role of immune cells and their interactions with HPV in tumor tissues. The outcomes of this research will clarify and provide better treatment options for patients with vulvar and other HPV-related cancers.

The gut microbiome plays a key role in our health, but poor diets and disease can disrupt its balance, leading to dysbiosis. In Wisconsin, where obesity rates are high, dysbiosis worsens conditions like Inflammatory Bowel Disease and increases the risk of metabolic syndrome. This study investigates how tuft cells, which are specialized gut cells, help maintain intestinal health and immune responses. Findings will enhance understanding of microbiome-gut interactions and guide the analysis of tissue samples from patients with dysbiosis and inflammatory diseases.

Latinos represent the fastest-growing population group in Wisconsin but are severely underrepresented in health research studies for dementia, despite having a higher risk and burden of the disease. This study aims to increase the engagement of Latinos in dementia research, which could improve the relevance of the research findings, and the development of interventions and programs better suited to serve Latino communities in Wisconsin.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that is difficult to diagnose quickly in critically ill patients. Current tests, such as microbial cultures, are slow and often lack sensitivity, delaying treatment and increasing risks. This project will develop computational methods to analyze cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentation patterns in blood as a rapid, low-cost tool to detect sepsis and identify infection sites. By studying DNA released from damaged tissues, the research aims to distinguish sepsis from non-infectious inflammation and monitor patient response to treatment.